This article is based on official announcements from AWS and NVIDIA (September 5, 2026) and public statements by executives of both companies.
On September 5, 2026, AWS and NVIDIA announced an expanded strategic partnership: on top of the "1 million additional GPUs starting in 2026" plan announced at GTC 2026, they will deploy 2 million more NVIDIA GPUs, covering three architecture generations — Blackwell Ultra, Rubin, and Rubin Ultra — with a deployment window of 2027-2028. Demand growth exceeding all previous forecasts was the direct reason both companies cited.
This is no longer a simple "chip purchase" — it is a full-stack partnership spanning GPUs, CPUs, interconnect, memory, open-source models, and software. We break the key information into six points.
1. Composition and Timeline of the 2 Million GPUs
- Scale: 2 million GPUs (added on top of the original 1 million GPU plan, tripling the total committed scale)
- Architectures: Blackwell Ultra, Rubin, Rubin Ultra
- Timeline: 2027-2028, deployed across AWS global infrastructure (including newly built AI factories)
- Context: Amazon's 2026 capital expenditure guidance has been raised from $200 billion to $220 billion, and CEO Andy Jassy has explicitly said it is still not enough to meet AI compute demand
For reference, the figures Jensen Huang gave at GTC 2026 put cumulative orders and demand for the Blackwell and Rubin platforms through 2027 on track to reach $1 trillion (at GTC 2025, the estimate for 2026 was roughly $500 billion). AWS's add-on order is one of the heaviest puzzle pieces in that big picture.
2. Vera CPU Comes to AWS for the First Time
This is the most structurally significant change in the partnership: NVIDIA Vera CPU infrastructure will enter AWS.
The Vera CPU is the general-purpose processor in the Vera Rubin platform designed for agentic AI, positioned to efficiently turn AI resources into "completed agent tasks." As agentic workloads rise, CPU-side pressure on task orchestration, memory management, and data scheduling rises in step — pure GPU expansion is no longer enough, and AWS needs a matching high-performance CPU layer. This also aligns with AWS's strategy of "offering the broadest compute choices, from in-house chips (Graviton/Trainium) to partner chips": Vera does not replace Trainium, but fills in the CPU compute layer alongside the accelerated infrastructure.
3. NVLink Fusion × NVHBM: Open Architecture Goes Deeper
At re:Invent 2025, AWS announced that its next-generation Trainium chip would support NVIDIA NVLink Fusion high-speed interconnect. This time, both companies took the partnership one step further:
- Amazon Annapurna Labs will support NVIDIA's new custom high-bandwidth memory NVHBM (developed in collaboration with memory vendors)
- Trainium thereby gains a faster, more power-efficient memory option
- Trainium and GPUs can work together within the same rack-scale architecture, sharing scale-up interconnect
For the chip industry, this is a signal worth watching closely: NVLink Fusion + NVHBM means NVIDIA's interconnect and memory technologies have started "supplying" competing ASICs. The boundary between the in-house ASIC camp (Trainium, TPU, MTIA) and the NVIDIA GPU camp is shifting from "either/or" to "hybrid deployment."
4. 100,000 GPUs: The U.S. Government Sovereign AI Factory
A dedicated public-sector business is carved out of the partnership: AWS and NVIDIA will build AI factories for the U.S. government, deploying 100,000 GPUs on secure AWS infrastructure to host federal and national security workloads (Impact Level 6 and above), supporting the development of advanced AI models within strict regulatory frameworks.
Sovereign AI turning from a slogan into concrete numbers is a defining feature of this cycle — government customers are becoming first-class buyers of AI compute.
5. Software and Physical AI Deepen in Parallel
Beyond hardware, the software layer of the partnership is also strengthening:
- NVIDIA Nemotron open-source models continue to arrive on Amazon Bedrock and SageMaker
- Amazon EMR data processing and OpenSearch vector indexing are accelerated by cuDF / cuVS
- Amazon Robotics officially adopts the NVIDIA physical AI platform (Jetson, Omniverse, Isaac) for warehouse automation and next-generation robotics
Physical AI (robotics, embodied intelligence) is becoming a new growth pole in cloud providers' compute narratives — the same trend as JD.com, Tesla, and others writing embodied intelligence into their compute procurement logic.
6. Implications for Compute Buyers
| Observation | Implication |
|---|
| Demand "beat all forecasts" | Supply tightness is not a short-term phenomenon; the 2027-2028 compute window must be locked in now |
| Mixed procurement across three architectures | During the Rubin/Rubin Ultra production ramp-up, Blackwell Ultra remains the delivery mainstay; procurement needs cross-generation planning |
| CPU layer revalued | agentic AI pushes the bottleneck from GPU to CPU orchestration and memory bandwidth; do not focus only on accelerator cards when selecting |
| Sovereign AI lands | Government-scale orders enter the market, further tightening the allocatable supply of high-end GPUs |
For decision-makers weighing build versus rent, every massive add-on order from cloud giants reprices the future rental curve. If you are evaluating GPU purchase or rental options, we recommend running a quantitative calculation with the TCO Calculator: enter chip price, power draw, utilization, and rental rates to compare 3-year total cost of ownership.
Summary
2 million GPUs, Vera CPU in the cloud, NVHBM opening up, 100,000 sovereign compute GPUs — this round of expansion between AWS and NVIDIA pushes the "AI factory" race into the full-stack era. Compute scarcity will most likely only tighten before 2027; whether you are buying, renting, or betting on domestic alternatives, locking in supply and cost curves early is the surest move right now.
(The data in this article comes from official AWS/NVIDIA announcements and public statements by executives of both companies; architecture performance figures are as released by the vendors.)